EU के आयात पर कार्बन टैक्स लगाने का विरोध क्यों ?
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With carbon neutrality being the byword / प्रतिनिधि / कहावत to a
💐sustainable world,
💐 a host of countries — Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Japan, Germany, Canada, Costa Rica, the United States, Brazil, India, and China among others —
have set for themselves
net-zero targets for the middle and later part of the century.
At the forefront सबसे आगे
1 of the commitment to net-zero is the European Union,
2 which wants to be the first carbon-neutral region in the world by 2050.
3 It brought out the ‘European Union Green Deal’ in July last year to focus on a new growth strategy
that aims to transform the EU society into a fair and wealthy one with a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy.
CBAM: carbon-pricing system
1 To attain carbon neutrality,
💐 the EU has set forth भविष्य immediate targets
💐and has brought out the ‘Fit-for-55’ package,
💐a communication of its 2030 climate targets.
2 A provision in the policy plan is the introduction of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM).
💐a carbon-pricing system proposed for imports into the EU.
💐The CBAM suggests taxing the imported goods-based difference between carbon used in the production of domestic and imported goods.
3 Proposed to be complementary to the EU Emission Trading Scheme (EUETS),
💐during the transition phase of CBAM — beginning January 1, 2023 —
💐importers will only have to report emissions embedded in the production of goods and are not obliged to pay a financial penalty.
💐The CBAM, however, will come completely into force from January 1, 2026 and
💐the measure will see a gradual reduction of free EUETS allowance coverage of 10 percentage points per year and a complete phase-out by 2035.
💐In the initial phase, five CITE (Carbon Intensive and Trade Exposed) sectors :
such as iron and steel, aluminium, cement, fertilizers and electricity will be taxed under CBAM.
4 The EU claims that CBAM is intended to
💐reduce carbon leakage,
💐create a level playfield for EU producers
💐 and encourage producers in other countries to adopt cleaner technologies.
इसको लेकर चिंता -
5 But several discussions have cropped up around CBAM.
Developing countries have raised their concern
💐 on the legality of CBAM
💐pointing out its conflict with World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) norms,
💐and are afraid that it encourages protectionism.
History provides several instances of conflict between domestic restrictive policies
💐stating environmental concern and
💐trade openness such as the Shrimp-Turtle Case and Air Transport Association of America vs Energy Secretary Case for Energy and Climate Change.
💐 Rulings in these cases have been in favour of environmental laws,
proving that the ongoing debate is a continuation of pre-existing issues and,
in the past, environment concerns have outweighed those related to trade.
Developing countries also flag the use of revenue collected from CBAM
1 According to the EU, revenue collected from CBAM will be a part of the EU’s budget,
💐the NextGenerationEU,
💐 a recent initiative launched to provide economic support to EU member countries impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
2 Countries opposing the proposed revenue utilisation mechanism
💐suggest that if CBAM is to b
💐 revenue collected from it should be used for cleaner technology adoption in developing countries.
India and the EU share a healthy trade relationship
1 The EU is India’s third largest trading partner,
2 while India is EU’s 11th largest trading partner.
3 In 2019-20, India-EU trade accounted for ₹63.8 billion (11.1% of total Indian trade) in goods,
4 while a total of 1.9% of EU’s total trade in goods in 2020 came to India.
5 India exports almost 14% of its global exports to the EU.
Progressive steps
1 Recently, there has been increasing initiative from both sides to deepen engagement with each other.
2 Talks on India-EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA) that were stalled a while ago have picked up again
💐 and are scheduled to take place in June.
💐 The target to finalise the Free Trade Agreement has been set for 2023-24.
3 Both India and the EU are committed
💐to climate change,
💐and the recent progress in India-EU alliance opens prospects of a customised partnership
💐and mutual growth.
4 Rather than tax on exports to EU as proposed in CBAM,
💐India and EU can cooperate better by investing in cleaner and greener technologies in India
💐and helping in cleaning up production in India.
5- Such a partnership will ensure
💐that both India and the EU have their agendas of economic growth
💐 and sustainability fulfilled, a win-win situation for both entities.
Source the hindu
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