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  Hundreds of displaced people, seeking to return to their homes, clashed with security forces in  Manipur 's Imphal East district on Saturday (November 29, 2025), officials said. The displaced people, who have been staying at different relief camps after  ethnic violence broke out in May 2023 , were stopped by security forces at Yaingangpokpi when they were marching towards their homes at Gwaltabi, located on the periphery of the Senapati district As the situation escalated, security forces lobbed several rounds of tear gas shells to disperse the agitators. One of the agitators, S. Ibemcha Devi, said, "According to the government, normalcy has been restored in the State.  Then, why are we not allowed to return to our homes?" An official said that the situation continues to remain tense but under control. Such clashes between internally displaced persons (IDPs) and security forces have happened multiple times since the Sangai Festival began on November 21. Source The...

  ⭐ PART 1 — Background of MHA 2017 1️⃣ What is the Background MHA, 2017?    2017 के Mental Healthcare Act (MHA 2017) का background क्या था? क्यों नया Act लाना पड़ा? कौन-सा पुराना system था? उसकी क्या problems थीं? इसी को नीचे समझाया गया है। 2️⃣ Before MHA 2017… Mental Healthcare Act, 1987 existed… prioritized institutionalization… did not afford rights   2017 से पहले Mental Healthcare Act, 1987 लागू था। इसका focus मुख्य रूप से mentally ill लोगों को institutions (asylums, mental hospitals) में admit रखना था। यह Act patients को कोई खास अधिकार (rights) नहीं देता था । मतलब patient की dignity, choice, consent — इन पर ध्यान नहीं था। पूरा system “custodial care” type था — जैसे किसी गलत व्यक्ति को बंद करके रखा जाता है। 3️⃣ Act gave disproportionate authority to judicial officers & institutions… long-stay admissions without consent   1987 वाले law में judicial officers (जज) और mental hospitals को बहुत ज़्यादा power मिली हुई थी। वे किसी भी m...

  What is the Background MHA, 2017? Before MHA 2017, the Mental Healthcare Act, 1987 existed, which  prioritized the institutionalization of mentally ill people  and did not afford any rights to the patient. The Act provided  disproportionate authority to judicial officers and mental health establishments  to authorize long-stay admissions, often against the  informed consent and wishes of the individual. Consequently, several persons  continue to be admitted and languish in mental health establishments  against their will. It embodied  the ethos of the colonial-era Indian Lunacy Act of 1912,  which linked criminality and madness. Asylums were places where “abnormal” and “unproductive” behaviour was studied as an individual phenomenon, isolating the individual from society. The intervention is meant to correct an inherent deficit or “abnormality”, thereby leading to “recovery”. In 2017, the MHA dismantled the  clinical heritage atta...

  Strengthening  middle-grade support,  introducing Foundational Literacy  and Numeracy  skills,   making math more connected to everyday life can transform India’s early gains into lasting numeracy progress  The National Education Policy 2020  Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN)   it identifies    as the cornerstone of all future learning. The NIPUN Bharat Mission has translated this policy intent into action by focusing on learning outcomes rather than just inputs. Foundational learning outcomes — stagnant for decades — have shown measurable improvement, as confirmed by government as well as independent surveys. Despite these gains, numeracy continues to lag behind literacy. The Annual State of Education Report 2024 report shows that while 48.7% of Class 5 students can read fluently, only 30.7% can solve a basic division problem — an 18% point gap. No State reports higher numeracy than literacy outcomes. This situation m...

 1️⃣     Hayli Gubbi नाम का ज्वालामुखी , जो बहुत समय से शांत था, लगभग 10,000 साल बाद पहली बार फटा है । “Recently erupted” का मतलब है अभी हाल में विस्फोट हुआ , और “after 10,000 years” दर्शाता है कि यह ज्वालामुखी बहुत ही long dormant रहा था। इतने लंबे समय बाद eruption होना geologists के लिए बहुत uncommon और important घटना है। 2️⃣ Why in news ??    Hayli Gubbi volcano के eruption से उठने वाली volcanic ash (राख का बादल) हवा के साथ travel करके India की तरफ आने का अनुमान है। इस वजह से India को air travel में disruption यानी flights में रुकावट की संभावना का सामना करना पड़ सकता है। क्योंकि volcanic ash हवा में दूर तक drift कर सकती है और flight routes को unsafe बना सकती है । 3️⃣ …   यह Ethiopia के Afar region में स्थित है, Addis Ababa से करीब 800 km दूर, और Eritrea की border के पास है। Eruption Sunday, 23 November 2025 को कई घंटों तक चला। इससे पता चलता है कि eruption continuous और significant था, सिर्फ छोटा blast नहीं। 4️⃣   D...

Street food In July 2024, raids on 58  pani puri  stalls in Chennai revealed alarming practices.  Officials found vendors using contaminated water and dipping their hands into chutneys .  troubling gap in food safety across India’s informal food sector  These cases are not isolated instances but highlight a troubling gap in food safety across India’s informal food sector.  While street food brings tradition and community to life, its hygiene standards often remain unchecked. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India  Food safety and standards for both packaged and unpackaged foods fall under the purview of the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).   packaged foods allow for stricter enforcement of  traceability,  transparency,  and reliability standards,  due to clearer labelling and standardised processing protocols. Packaged foods, safety and trust organised packaged food industry  Compared to t...