भारत 'एक्ट ईस्ट पॉलिसी' का अनुसरण करता है इसीलिए , हनोई इंडो-पैसिफिक क्षेत्र में एक मूल्यवान भागीदार बन गया है।
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India and Vietnam are celebrating the 50th anniversary of their diplomatic relations -
1 Bolstering friendship between the two countries is a :
💐 natural outcome of a growing convergence /. moving toward union or uniformity of their strategic and economic interests,
💐 and also their common vision for peace, prosperity and their people.
2 A strong commitment of political leadership along with the necessary institutional frameworks
3 and cooperation between the two countries is likely to be more robust in the future.
4 More importantly, embedding a flexible framework of engagement can contribute positively to regional stability and prosperity.
Shared concerns
1 India is essentially a maritime nation and the oceans hold the key to India’s future.
2 India’s external trade (over 90% by volume and 70% by value) is by sea.
3 Very dependent on the seas for its trade and commerce, India has intensified its efforts to engage with maritime neighbours, including Vietnam.
India’s relations with Vietnam —
some of which is based on a set of historical commonalities —
1 predate any conflict between India and China as well as that between China and Vietnam. ..
2 शुरुआत - The strategic dimensions of Indo-Vietnamese relations, initiated during the 1980s, began unfolding in the form of structured and institutional arrangements during the 1990s.
3 As India pursues its ‘Act East Policy’, Vietnam has become a valuable partner in India’s political and security engagements in the Indo-Pacific region.
4 The two countries are working to address shared strategic concerns (such as energy security and open and secure sea lines of communication), and make policy choices without undue external interference.
5 Given India’s broadening economic and strategic interests in the region and Vietnam’s desire for strategic autonomy, both countries will benefit from a stronger bilateral relationship.
6 India and Vietnam face territorial disputes with and shared apprehensions about their common neighbour, China.
7 Vietnam is of great strategic importance because its position enables it to control ‘the South China Sea —
a true Mediterranean of the Pacific’.
8 The maritime domain, therefore, has become an essential element of India and Vietnam cooperation.
The driving forces
There are four key motivations behind India’s growing maritime engagement with Vietnam.
1 First, India’s aspiration to counter an assertive China by strengthening Vietnam’s military power.पहला, वियतनाम की सैन्य शक्ति को मजबूत करके एक मुखर चीन का मुकाबला करने की भारत की आकांक्षा।
2 Second, with India’s increasing trade with East and Southeast Asia,
💐 India has begun to recognise the importance of its sea lines of communication beyond its geographical proximity;
भारत ने अपनी भौगोलिक निकटता से परे संचार की समुद्री लाइनों के महत्व को पहचानना शुरू कर दिया है
💐the South China Sea occupies a significant geostrategic and geo-economic position,
💐 resulting in India’s renewed interests in the South China Sea.
3 Third, India desires to intensify its presence to track potential developments in the maritime domain that could affect its national interests.
4 And fourth, the Indian Navy underlines the importance of a forward maritime presence and naval partnership that would be critical to deter potential adversaries.
India’s maritime strategic interests in the region are well established
including the fact that almost 55% of India’s trade with the Indo-Pacific region passes through the South China Sea.
More importantly, India sees
1 an open and stable maritime commons being essential to international trade and prosperity;
2 therefore, it has an interest in protecting the sea lanes.
3 With this renewed interest in the maritime domain,
💐freedom of navigation,
💐a peaceful resolution of disputes and
💐 a respect for international laws have become salient features of the Indian approach.
💐India is willing to take a principled stand on territorial disputes in the hope that it contributes to the stabilisation of the Indo-Pacific.
💐Such positions align closely with Vietnam’s stance on the management of the South China Sea disputes.
Ever since the formal declaration of a strategic partnership in 2007
and Comprehensive Strategic Partnership in 2016,
the scope and scale of the India-Vietnam strategic and defence cooperation, particularly in the
💐 maritime domain,
💐 is deepening with a clear vision,
💐 institutional mechanisms and
💐 the necessary political support from both governments.
The signing of ‘Joint Vision for Defence Cooperation’ and a memorandum of understanding on mutual logistics support in June 2022
💐has further strengthened mutual defence cooperation.
💐While a U.S.$100 million Defence Line of Credit has been implemented,
💐 India has also announced early finalisation of another U.S.$500 million Defence Line of Credit to enhance Vietnam’s defence capability.
New Delhi has also agreed
💐to expand military training
💐and assist the Vietnam Navy’s strike capabilities.
💐 For example, it is providing ‘comprehensive underwater combat operation’ training to Vietnamese sailors at INS Satavahana in Visakhapatnam.
💐India’s Defence Minister handed over 12 high-speed boats to Vietnam recently’ a Khukri-class corvette is also expected to be gifted soon.
💐 Vietnam is also ‘exploring the possibility of acquiring Indian-manufactured surveillance equipment such as unmanned aerial vehicles’.
Using frameworks
1 The two countries are also engaging in wide-ranging practical cooperation in the maritime domain
💐through a maritime security dialogue,
💐naval exercises,
💐 ship visits,
💐Coast Guard cooperation,
💐and training and capacity building.
2 They have found mutual convergences on cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region
and are synergising their efforts to work in bilateral as well as other sub-regional and multilateral frameworks,
💐 such as the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA),
💐 the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC),
💐 the Mekong-Ganga Cooperation,
💐 ADMM-Plus or the ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting-Plus.
3- The Special Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-
India Foreign Ministers’ Meeting in June 2022 has proposed-
💐 an ASEAN-India Maritime Exercise and
💐 informal meeting between India and ASEAN Defence Ministers in November 2022.
💐Both countries are also looking at collaboration around the seven pillars of the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI).
There are some other potential areas for New Delhi and Hanoi to further deepen collaboration
💐such as meaningful academic and cultural collaborations,
💐shipbuilding,
💐 maritime connectivity,
💐maritime education and research,
💐 coastal engineering,
💐 the blue economy,
💐 marine habitat conservation,
💐 and advance collaboration between maritime security agencies.
The IPOI framework
1 presents immense opportunities for India-Vietnam relations to aid regional progress and peace.
2 The road map agreed upon by the leaders will be helpful in addressing common challenges and
decisively navigating towards making an India-Vietnam partnership that helps in stability in the Indo-Pacific.
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