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 in this article -   GST की वर्षगांठ और टैक्स सुधार का  अवसर आर्थिक दक्षता और टैक्स प्रणाली की सादगी    स्वास्थ्य के क्षेत्र में कमज़ोरियाँ GST के बाद टैक्स बढ़ोतरी में ठहराव Ad Valorem बनाम Specific Excise  Compensation Cess का खतरा कर रणनीति — Dual Approach की ज़रूरत  Illicit Trade — उद्योग के तर्क का खंडन दर युक्तिकरण (Rate Rationalisation) की प्रक्रिया में तंबाकू उत्पादों पर कराधान (taxation) की कमियों को दूर करना अनिवार्य है, और यह कार्य करते समय आर्थिक (economic) और सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य (public health) पर पड़ने वाले प्रभावों को ध्यान में रखना चाहिए।" Rate Rationalisation   का मतलब है — टैक्स की दरों में ऐसा संतुलन लाना जो नीति के उद्देश्यों को पूरा कर सके, जैसे कि राजस्व वृद्धि और सामाजिक कल्याण। Taxation of Tobacco Products की बात करें तो GST के बाद से तंबाकू पर कर संरचना में ऐसी खामियाँ हैं: Bidis जैसे उत्पाद कम टैक्स के दायरे में हैं। Compensation Cess केवल कुछ उत्पादों पर लागू है। टैक्स संरचना में ad valorem ...

The Beijing-led trilaterals are aimed at challenging India’s long-term interests   Why in news ? Last week, China, Pakistan and Bangladesh held their first trilateral meeting in Kunming, China.  The discussions focused on furthering cooperation and exploring the possibilities of deeper engagement.  This meeting closely follows another trilateral meeting between China, Pakistan, and Afghanistan . held in May, with the aim of extending the China- Pakistan Economic Corridor and increasing cooperation.  India's relationship with neighbouring Country  These trilaterals, led by China, come at a time of Pakistan’s little relevance to the region,  India’s increasing relations with Afghanistan, and New Delhi’s deteriorating ties with Bangladesh.  The use of trilaterals underscores China’s fresh attempts at making Pakistan a stakeholder in the region and keeping New Delhi preoccupied with immediate concerns. A war that shaped alignments The 1962 war between ...

  An approach that combines several options will enable a significant share of inter- and intra-State migrants to exercise their right to vote Bihar and migration and elections  :  Bihar, a State with one of the largest out-migration populations in India, is going to the polls later this year.  This time, again a significant proportion of the State’s population will be unable to exercise their franchise. Loksabha election and Bihar tournout In the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, voter turnout in Bihar was 56%, significantly lower than the national average of 66%.  low voter turnout was the large migrant population, which was unable to return home to vote. Patterns of migration In 2021, the overall migration rate in India was 28.9%.  Reason : 1  A significant portion of migration in India is for marriage, especially among women.  2  Around 10%, however, migrate for work.  Bihar state : This number is significantly higher in certain northern an...

gender equity in urban bureaucracy In India, while women’s representation in grass-roots politics has increased, administrative cadres tell a different story   urban transformation in India By 2050, over 800 million people, about half the population, will live in cities, making India the largest driver of global urban growth.  advancement in  gender equity / women reservation In the last three decades, progressive constitutional reforms have.  The 73rd and 74th Amendments   mandate 33% reservation for women in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Urban Local Governments (ULGs), further strengthened to 50% by 17 States and a Union Territory.  पंचायती राज में महिलायें  Today, women comprise over 46% of local elected representatives (Ministry of Panchayati Raj, 2024), as a rising presence of mayors and councillors. However, the bureaucratic apparatus that implements their decisions remains overwhelmingly male. While women’s representation in grass-root ...

THE GIST The countries of the Global North embarked on a massive expansion of higher education in the post-Second World War years to accommodate the growing number of young people headed to college. Universities in all “big four” host countries – Australia, Canada, the UK and the US — have become financially reliant in varying degrees on international students. India’s young population and a relatively low but steadily rising gross enrolment ratio of just under 30% offers immense opportunities. Foreign यूनिवर्सिटी केंपस इन इंडिया   Several foreign universities are setting up branch campuses in India.  अभी हाल फिलहाल में क्या स्थिति है ? So far seven universities from the U.K., five from Australia, and one each from the U.S., Italy and Canada are in the process of obtaining necessary approvals or have done so already.  Most of them ? Most will be located in GIFT City and Navi Mumbai.  भारत में कबसे हो रहा था इंतजार ? While India has been interested in attracting forei...