21 december 2023 भारत का रक्षा बजट और ban

To have India’s defence Budget and national security goals examined through the prism of electoral imperatives would be unprofessional

भारत के रक्षा बजट और राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा लक्ष्यों को चुनावी अनिवार्यताओं के चश्मे से जांचना गैर-पेशेवर होगा

The Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA) programme of the Indian Air Force (IAF) 

1 earned the sobriquet उपाधि। of being the ‘mother of all procurements’ due its cost, pegged at around $10 billion in 2007.

2 Rafale jets

A decade later, the purchase of 36 Rafale jets was of limited value because the requirement was for 126 aircraft. 

Consequently, many IAF chiefs have spoken of the depleting squadron strength in the IAF, which is now an abysmal 32. 

It would take another 10 years before it reaches 35 squadrons, as stated by the current IAF chief. 

सेना क्या सोचती हैं और क्या बजट में मिल सकता है 

1 The Indian Army and the Indian Navy fare no better either with the media reporting major deficiencies with them too. 

भारतीय सेना और भारतीय नौसेना की स्थिति भी कुछ बेहतर नहीं है और मीडिया उनमें भी बड़ी कमियों की रिपोर्ट कर रहा है।

2 With India in election mode and sops being showered on the electorate (even more certain before the general election in 2024), the allocation for defence in Budget 2024-25, which starts getting planned now, could take a hit. 

3 This could impact India’s deterrence posture, which defence preparedness is all about.

Need for judicious assessment

IAF and weapons

1 This is best illustrated by the IAF going in for 97 more Tejas Mk1A fighters to overcome the deficit in squadron strength, though this was to be achieved by the 114 multi role fighter aircraft project that the IAF has been pushing for. 

2 The threat on the northern borders is a live one, and it would be unprofessional to dismiss our western neighbour’s present benign stance as indicative of a lessening of risk.

3  India needs to be prepared for both. .

4 sea power to deter China

Enough has been written on the inescapable necessity of accretion in sea power to deter China in the environs of the Malacca Strait and further east, as also in the Indian Ocean. 

5 The Army needs to modernise too and, considering its size, the Budget requirement would be considerable. 

The planning and budgeting in the Indian military before the Russia-Ukraine war was for a short sharp conflict. 

The logistics design was to stock up on 10i (10 days intense) war, and build up to a 40i scenario. 

The refrain has changed, with the leadership of the armed forces now visualising an extended war scenario, as seen in Ukraine. 

.

The indigenous drive, R&D

1 developing a local defence industry takes decades, necessitating a smart balance to be maintained between imports and indigenous accretions to ensure the required potency. 

2 The Atmanirbhar Bharat public relations drive notwithstanding तिस पर भी , a hard clinical view is required on the realities of the armament supply chain that would be in place in the near to mid-term.

 India’s defence Budget, in real terms, has been more or less stagnant. 

1 Defence expenditure (revenue and capital), as a percentage of central government expenditure, has been declining — from around 16.4% in 2012-13 to 13.3% in 2022-23. 

2 The Ministry of Defence had asked for ₹1,76,346 crore in 2023–24 for capital acquisitions but only ₹1,62,600 crore was allotted, creating a deficit of ₹13,746 crore.

3 In the sphere of research and development, the picture is not rosy either. 

The Global Innovation Index 2022 pegs India’s research and development expenditure at just 0.7% of its GDP which places it 53rd globally. 

China, incidentally, spent $421 billion in 2022, which is 2.54% of its GDP. 

Though the research and development allocation needs a substantial jump, it is good that 25% of the allocation was for the private sector

सरकार के कुछ प्रयास 

The government’s emphasis on indigenisation

1 The government’s emphasis on indigenisation through the Innovations For Defence Excellence (iDEX) scheme 

2 and service-specific projects such as the Baba Mehar Singh competition for unmanned aerial vehicles by the IAF, and similar ones in the other two services, are laudable.

3 Similarly, the restructuring of the Ordnance Factory Board and promulgation of negative lists for imports instil confidence in the private sector for assured contracts. 

4 While all these are welcome, and the increase in defence exports heartening, it must be accepted that this drive still has a long gestation period. 

5 The momentum should be sustained with a continuum in policy making and adequate defence budgeting by making them election-proof in our boisterous democracy — bipartisan statesmanship would be key in this endeavour.

Summary

1 Costs are important and one must not spend scarce monies to face a 10 feet tall adversary when a pygmy दुर्बल व्‍यक्ति या वस्‍तु exists on the other side.

2  But what if there are two of them, both militarily adept, and not pygmies? 

3 And, India is not 10 ft tall either. China’s belligerence has resulted in the doubling of Japan’s defence budget, the increased arming of Taiwan by the United States, a reshaping of regional alliances and a historic U.S.-South Korea-Japan summit.

4  It would be naive, nay unprofessional, if our defence Budget is not given its due and national security imperatives overridden by electoral imperatives.

लागतें महत्वपूर्ण हैं और किसी को 10 फीट लंबे प्रतिद्वंद्वी का सामना करने के लिए दुर्लभ धन खर्च नहीं करना चाहिए जब दूसरी तरफ एक पिग्मी मौजूद हो।

 लेकिन क्या होगा अगर उनमें से दो हों, दोनों सैन्य रूप से कुशल हों, और पिग्मी न हों?

 और, भारत 10 फीट लंबा भी नहीं है. चीन के जुझारूपन के परिणामस्वरूप जापान का रक्षा बजट दोगुना हो गया है, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका द्वारा ताइवान को हथियारों में वृद्धि हुई है, क्षेत्रीय गठबंधनों को नया आकार दिया गया है और एक ऐतिहासिक यू.एस.-दक्षिण कोरिया-जापान शिखर सम्मेलन हुआ है।

 यह नासमझी होगी, बल्कि अव्यवसायिक भी, अगर हमारे रक्षा बजट को उसका वाजिब हक नहीं दिया गया और चुनावी अनिवार्यताओं के कारण राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा संबंधी अनिवार्यताएं खत्म हो गईं।

Source the hindu