मध्य एशिया (Central Asia)

    • मध्य एशिया (Central Asia): 

Kazakhstan

  • एशिया महाद्वीप में मध्य एशिया एक ऐसा क्षेत्र है जो पश्चिम में कैस्पियन सागर से लेकर पूर्व में चीन एवं मंगोलिया तक तथा दक्षिण में अफगानिस्तान एवं ईरान से लेकर उत्तर में रूस तक फैला हुआ है।
  • इस क्षेत्र के अंतर्गत पूर्व सोवियत गणराज्य कज़ाखस्तान, किर्गिज़स्तान, ताजिकिस्तान, तुर्कमेनिस्तान और उज़्बेकिस्तान आते हैं।
  • मध्य एशिया ऐतिहासिक रूप से यायावर लोगों एवं सिल्क रोड के साथ निकटता से संबंधित है।
  • इसने यूरोप, पश्चिम एशिया, दक्षिण एशिया और पूर्वी एशिया के लोगों, की आवाजाही एवं माल व विचारों के आदान-प्रदान के लिये ‘एक चौराहे के रूप में’ कार्य किया है।
  • सिल्क रोड ने मुस्लिम देशों को यूरोप, दक्षिण एशिया और पूर्वी एशिया के लोगों से जोड़ा जिस कारण मध्य एशिया की अवस्थिति ने आदिवासीवाद (Tribalism) और परंपरावाद (Traditionalism) और आधुनिकीकरण (Modernization) के बीच संघर्ष को तेज़ किया।
  • मध्य एशिया की सामरिक, आर्थिक-सामाजिक-राजनीतिक-सांस्कृतिक महत्ता के कारण वर्ष 1843 में भूगोलवेत्ता अलेक्जेंडर वॉन हम्बोल्ट (Alexander von Humboldt) द्वारा ‘’मध्य एशिया को आधुनिक दुनिया के लिये विश्व के एक अलग क्षेत्र के रूप में’’ उल्लेख किया गया है। 

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