hematopoietic stem cell transplants

hematopoietic stem cell transplants



A hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) 


it is a procedure that involves transplanting healthy stem cells into a patient with a damaged or defective bone marrow or immune system. The transplanted cells replicate and produce normal blood cells.


A new human study involving some of the longest-living survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplants sheds light on how transplanted stem cells from donors change after engraftment and mutate over time. 


 rate of mutations and clonal expansion 


stayed fairly similar and surprisingly low between donors and recipients for as long as 46 years after transplant.


here we found -

 impact of donor age and preexisting donor CH [clonal hematopoiesis] on the long-term outcomes of [transplant] recipients,” the authors write.


Hematopoietic stem cell transplants 


are life-saving procedures for people with blood cancers. 


After receiving a transplant, it is up to the donated stem cells to rebuild the recipient’s entire blood cell-forming (or hematopoietic) machinery. 


in other situation replicative stress

Some scientists are concerned that this stress could lead to clonal hematopoiesis, a phenomenon where the donated stem cells acquire mutations that might one day lead to cancer or chronic diseases.


Rate of mutations


blood samples from 16 pairs of stem cell  

The researchers obtained and analysed blood samples from 16 pairs of stem cell donors and recipients, at a median time of 33.6 years after transplant. 


duplex sequencing 

They performed whole genome sequencing with a technique called duplex sequencing, focusing on many genes that tend to be mutated in myeloid cancers and clonal hematopoiesis. 


This revealed that 


all the donors had some degree of clonal hematopoiesis variants, even in their earliest blood samples. 


However, the average rate of mutations in these genes was similar in donors compared to the recipients (2% vs. 2.6% per year).


This led the authors to conclude that there does not appear to be any widespread clonal expansion in stem cells even decades after transplant, a finding they say supports the immense regenerative capabilities of bone marrow.


source the hindu

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