संविधान निर्माताओं के विचारों को हम कितना आगे तक लेके गए हैं ?

 But a speech that should haunt all Indians is that of its principal draftsman on the eve of the Constitution’s adoption — on people and political parties making it work

लेकिन एक भाषण जो सभी भारतीयों को याद रखना चाहिए, वह संविधान को अपनाने की पूर्व संध्या पर इसके मुख्य प्रारूपकार का भाषण है - जिसमें उन्होंने लोगों और राजनीतिक दलों के बारे में कहा था कि वे इसे कैसे कार्यान्वित कर रहे हैं।

इस आर्टिकल में - 

1. केंद्र सरकार किस प्रकार से संविधान के 75 में साल को सेलिब्रेट करेगी ??
2. बाबा साहेब के समाज को लेकर विचार।  
3. कुछ और प्रश्न जो यहां पर उठते हैं ?  
4. संविधान निर्माता ने जो सोचा था उसको अभी तक हम कितना प्राप्त कर पाए हैं ?  
5. Equality , As for fraternity 
6. Good in caste reservations but bad in fraternity 

केंद्र सरकार किस प्रकार से संविधान के 75 में साल को सेलिब्रेट करेगी ??

This month marks the 75th anniversary of the adoption by the Constituent Assembly of the draft Constitution of India, on November 26, 1949.

special joint sitting of Parliament.

 The Union government has announced that it intends to commemorate this momentous occasion with a special joint sitting of Parliament.

बाबा साहब अंबेडकर के भाषण को याद करना 

But the speech that should haunt us all is that of the principal draftsman of the Constitution, B.R. Ambedkar, on the eve of the Constitution’s adoption. 

On November 25, 1949 - 

“ संविधान चाहे कितना भी अच्छा क्यों न हो, यह निश्चित रूप से बुरा साबित होगा क्योंकि जो लोग इसे लागू करने के लिए बुलाए जाते हैं, वे बुरे लोग होते हैं। संविधान चाहे कितना भी बुरा क्यों न हो, यह निश्चित रूप से अच्छा साबित होगा अगर जो लोग इसे लागू करने के लिए बुलाए जाते हैं, वे अच्छे लोग होते हैं।"

संविधान संशोधन कैसा होगा ?

The drafters had made provision for relatively easy amendment, so as to permit the document to keep up with the needs of the times. 

But the rest depended on the way successive generations of its custodians chose to implement it.

The lacunae that B.R. Ambedkar identified

बाबा साहेब के समाज को लेकर विचार 

Dr. Ambedkar highlighted the fact that “there is complete absence of two things in Indian society” — equality and fraternity. बिरादरी “On the 26th of January 1950,” he declared, “we are going to enter into a life of contradictions. 

principle of one man one vote and one vote one value

In politics we will have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality.

 In politics we will be recognizing the principle of one man one vote and one vote one value. 

In our social and economic life, we shall, by reason of our social and economic structure, continue to deny the principle of one man one value. 

कुछ और प्रश्न जो यहां पर उठते हैं ?

How long shall we continue to live this life of contradictions?

 How long shall we continue to deny equality in our social and economic life?”

fraternity / आपसी भाईचारा 

Dr. Ambedkar stressed the absence of fraternity as the second major ingredient that was missing in India. 

“Fraternity means a sense of common brotherhood of all Indians — of Indians being one people. It is the principle which gives unity and solidarity to social life.”

 लेकिन जाति व्यवस्था के कारण - उन्होंने कहा कि जाति की पूरी संरचना 'राष्ट्र-विरोधी' है - धार्मिक विभाजन और कुछ भारतीयों में राष्ट्रीयता की सामान्य भावना का अभाव, भाईचारा अभी तक हासिल नहीं हुआ था।

 सारी चीजें आपस में जुड़े होना 

“Without equality,” he pointed out, “liberty would produce the supremacy of the few over the many.

 Equality without liberty would kill individual initiative. Without fraternity, liberty would produce the supremacy of the few over the many.

 Without fraternity, liberty and equality could not become a natural course of things. It would require a constable to enforce them.”

What has changed

संविधान निर्माता ने जो सोचा था उसको अभी तक हम कितना प्राप्त कर पाए हैं ?

Today, 75 years later, it is well worth asking what progress we have made to achieve the aims of the Constitution’s drafters, and in particular to fill the lacunae that Dr. Ambedkar identified.

 Equality

Equality has advanced, no doubt, with the abolition of untouchability 

being accompanied by the world’s oldest and farthest-reaching affirmative action programme, in the form of reservations, initially for Scheduled Castes and then for the Other Backward Classes (OBC). 

These reservations, which were initially intended to be temporary, have now been entrenched in our system and may be said to be politically unchallengeable. 

Social and economic equality not achieved

But the task of promoting social and economic equality, which Dr. Ambedkar pointed to, is far from complete. 

Caste census demand 

The escalating demand for a caste census is bound to have further implications for the evolution of India’s constitutional practice.

As for fraternity

 the mobilisation of votes in our contentious democracy in the name of caste, creed, region and language 

It have ensured that the social and psychological sense of oneness that Dr. Ambedkar spoke about, is still, at best, a work in progress. 

Nationhood 

But there is no doubt that the sense of nationhood that he felt had not yet come into existence has now become embedded across the country. 

One only needs to look at the crowds at a cricket match involving the Indian team, or the national outrage उल्लंघन and शोक mourning after an international conflict such as the Kargil war (1999) or the Galwan incident (2020), to be aware that there is a strong sense of nationhood despite the persistence of local or sectarian identities.

किसी को केवल भारतीय टीम के क्रिकेट मैच में भीड़ को देखने की जरूरत है, या किसी अंतरराष्ट्रीय संघर्ष जैसे कारगिल युद्ध (1999) या गलवान घटना (2020) के बाद राष्ट्रीय आक्रोश और शोक को देखने की जरूरत है, यह जानने के लिए कि स्थानीय या सांप्रदायिक पहचानों की दृढ़ता के बावजूद राष्ट्रवाद की एक मजबूत भावना है।

Good in caste reservations but bad in fraternity  

India has promoted equality but arguably undermined fraternity. 

It also had an economic dimension, with the implicit idea that the assets of the better-off would be used to uplift the untouchables and other unfortunates. 

Fraternity would both result from and lead to the erosion of social and caste hierarchies. 

OBC reservation and Ambedkar view

But, as the sociologist Dipankar Gupta has argued, the extension of reservations to the OBCs saw caste as ‘an important political resource to be plumbed in perpetuity अनंत काल ’.

 Professor Gupta avers that this ‘is not in the spirit of enlarging fraternity, as the Ambedkar proposals are’; while Dr. Ambedkar’s ultimate aim was the annihilation of caste from Indian society,

But for Mandal, caste was not to be “removed”, but to be “represented”.’ It entrenched caste rather than eliminating it from public life.

Highs and worrying lows

यह बहस जारी रह सकती है। फिर भी, हम आभारी हो सकते हैं कि भारतीय राजनीति के उन्हीं तत्वों के सत्ता में आने के बाद, जिन्होंने शुरू में संविधान को अस्वीकार कर दिया था, संविधान को त्यागने की नौबत नहीं आई। 

यह एक विडंबना ही है कि भारतीय जनता पार्टी की सरकार एक ऐसे दस्तावेज का जश्न मना रही है, जिसे राष्ट्रीय स्वयंसेवक संघ और जनसंघ के उसके पूर्वजों ने "अभारतीय" और आत्मा से रहित पाया था।

 That soul has evolved over 75 years and 106 amendments, and the Constitution still thrives / progress . 

संविधान के मूल्यों  को कम किया जाना ??

जैसे : 

1. hollowing out of many of the institutions created by the Constitution, 
2. the diminishing /छोटा करना  ऑफ़ Parliament, 
3. pressures on the judiciary 
4. अंडरमाइनिंग  of the democratic spirit — leading
5.  Dr. Ambedkar warned against — mean that much still remains to be done by its custodians.

“Independence,” and  great responsibilities.

Dr. Ambedkar said in concluding his memorable speech, “is no doubt a matter of joy. But let us not forget that this independence has thrown on us great responsibilities.

 By independence, we have lost the excuse of blaming the British for anything going wrong.

 If hereafter things go wrong, we will have nobody to blame except ourselves.” 

Seventy-five years later, let us vow to the reduce the number of things we need to blame ourselves for — and let the Constitution show us the way.

Source the hindu