Medical sector and women discrimination

 It is time for policy intervention in the space of gender-specific research in medicine, with India’s G-20 presidency an ideal time to highlight this issue

डॉक्टर की सलाह 

If you were a young boy, I could have offered you a bouquet of medicines. Unfortunately, for both of us, you are a lovely young girl,” said my daughter’s neurologist, writing out her prescription. 

And then he began to explain the possible side-effects, some mild, some severe.

 women and minorities” in clinical trials 

Exactly three decades ago, the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act of 1993 

mandated the inclusion of “women and minorities” in clinical trials in a bid to reduce health disparities. 

Yet, to date, the male model of medicine is thriving, and so is the tendency of treating women as smaller men despite a growing body of research insisting on physiological differences (beyond the reproductive organs) between the sexes.

 The genetic and epigenetic differences between men and women are also extensively documented.

एपिजेनेटिक्स इस बात का अध्ययन है कि आपके व्यवहार और वातावरण में कैसे परिवर्तन हो सकते हैं जो आपके जीन के काम करने के तरीके को प्रभावित करते हैं। आनुवंशिक परिवर्तनों के विपरीत, एपिजेनेटिक परिवर्तन प्रतिवर्ती होते हैं और आपके डीएनए अनुक्रम को नहीं बदलते हैं, लेकिन वे बदल सकते हैं कि आपका शरीर डीएनए अनुक्रम को कैसे पढ़ता है।

Generic drugs, trials, mental health

 It has been demonstrated in various studies that women’s bodies respond differently to the components of generic drugs.

Professor Cassandra Szoeke, Director of Healthy Ageing Program at the University of Melbourne, Australia

says that thanks to the recent inclusion of women in clinical trials for generic medicine, 

we now know that “nearly one-fifth of medications showed a difference in the active dose between men and women”. 

Women have been either overdosing, as in the case of Zolpidem, a common sleep medicine, 

or not getting enough, as in the case of several pain medicines, for decades now thanks to their underrepresentation in clinical trials.

It is not just about treatment but also testing and diagnosis where women have been getting a rough deal. 

Take, for instance, mental health

 According to a study conducted in Tamil Nadu by Nobel laureates Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo

along with their research partners, “26 per cent of men and 31 per cent of women aged 61-70 have symptoms indicating a high likelihood of depression”.

The study firmly notes that depression rates and the prevalence of anxiety are higher for women than for men worldwide in general.

 In education फील्ड

1 One can add to this a study on human capital conducted by Ernst R. Berndt and others 

2 that states that women with an early onset of depression “are less likely to obtain college degrees and less likely to pursue postgraduate degrees”. 

.

Like depression, cardiac issues are now acknowledged as having a slightly more prevalence , प्रधानता in women. 

 medications, diagnostic tests and clinical procedures is good for girls ?

Study after study demonstrates that women are less likely to receive appropriate medications, diagnostic tests and clinical procedures even in developed countries such as Canada and Sweden.

 The stereotype of the “hysterical हास्‍यजनक  woman” continues to haunt women even when they need urgent clinical interventions.

Gaps that can be linked to apathy अनिच्‍छा

The exclusion of women from clinical trials and research projects

1 addressing sex-agnostic critical illnesses such as cancer and heart disease has resulted in a limited understanding of sex-specific symptoms and responses to treatment. 

2 When it comes to sex-specific illnesses such as breast or endometrial cancers, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and pregnancy-related issues, there are serious gaps in research that can only be explained by an apathy towards “women’s only” issues. 

United States-based studies show that the funding received for research in migraine , endometriosis and anxiety disorders is much lower in proportion to the burden of these illnesses.

Migraine 

is a type of headache characterized by recurrent attacks of moderate to severe throbbing and pulsating pain on one side of the head.

pregnancy and childbirth

World Health Organization data from 2017 show that “every day about 808 women die due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth”. 

Almost all of these were preventable but occurred “due to interaction between pre-existing medical conditions and pregnancy”.

 Pregnant women are further down the ladder of representation in clinical trials and research.

In an equitable world, women would be accepted as an individual category, with race, age and class as subcategories.

 And an equal amount of time and resources would be spent in finding and providing treatment and health care. 

How can women even aspire to have access to equal health care when their ailments are not even understood?

For India to note

India has several progressive policies with respect to women’s health including the right to abortion.

 It is time for policy intervention in the space of sex-specific research in medicine and the implementation of outcomes.

India’s G-20 presidency may be an opportune time to highlight this issue in alignment with Sustainable Development Goals on women’s health.

Source the Hindu 

Source the hindu